bhopscotch_map.h

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/**
 * MIT License
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Tessil
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
#ifndef TSL_BHOPSCOTCH_MAP_H
#define TSL_BHOPSCOTCH_MAP_H


#include <algorithm>
#include <cstddef>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "hopscotch_hash.h"


namespace tsl {


/**
 * Similar to tsl::hopscotch_map but instead of using a list for overflowing elements it uses
 * a binary search tree. It thus needs an additional template parameter Compare. Compare should
 * be arithmetically coherent with KeyEqual.
 * 
 * The binary search tree allows the map to have a worst-case scenario of O(log n) for search 
 * and delete, even if the hash function maps all the elements to the same bucket. 
 * For insert, the amortized worst case is O(log n), but the worst case is O(n) in case of rehash.
 * 
 * This makes the map resistant to DoS attacks (but doesn't preclude you to have a good hash function,
 * as an element in the bucket array is faster to retrieve than in the tree).
 * 
 * @copydoc hopscotch_map
 */
template<class Key,
         class T,
         class Hash = std::hash<Key>,
         class KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
         class Compare = std::less<Key>,
         class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>,
         unsigned int NeighborhoodSize = 62,
         bool StoreHash = false,
         class GrowthPolicy = tsl::hh::power_of_two_growth_policy<2>>
class bhopscotch_map {
private:
    template<typename U>
    using has_is_transparent = tsl::detail_hopscotch_hash::has_is_transparent<U>;

    class KeySelect {
    public:
        using key_type = Key;

        const key_type& operator()(const std::pair<const Key, T>& key_value) const {
            return key_value.first;
        }

        const key_type& operator()(std::pair<const Key, T>& key_value) {
            return key_value.first;
        }
    };

    class ValueSelect {
    public:
        using value_type = T;

        const value_type& operator()(const std::pair<const Key, T>& key_value) const {
            return key_value.second;
        }

        value_type& operator()(std::pair<Key, T>& key_value) {
            return key_value.second;
        }
    };


    // TODO Not optimal as we have to use std::pair<const Key, T> as ValueType which forbid 
    // us to move the key in the bucket array, we have to use copy. Optimize.
    using overflow_container_type = std::map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>;
    using ht = detail_hopscotch_hash::hopscotch_hash<std::pair<const Key, T>, KeySelect, ValueSelect,
                                                     Hash, KeyEqual,
                                                     Allocator, NeighborhoodSize,
                                                     StoreHash, GrowthPolicy,
                                                     overflow_container_type>;

public:
    using key_type = typename ht::key_type;
    using mapped_type = T;
    using value_type = typename ht::value_type;
    using size_type = typename ht::size_type;
    using difference_type = typename ht::difference_type;
    using hasher = typename ht::hasher;
    using key_equal = typename ht::key_equal;
    using key_compare = Compare;
    using allocator_type = typename ht::allocator_type;
    using reference = typename ht::reference;
    using const_reference = typename ht::const_reference;
    using pointer = typename ht::pointer;
    using const_pointer = typename ht::const_pointer;
    using iterator = typename ht::iterator;
    using const_iterator = typename ht::const_iterator;


    /*
     * Constructors
     */
    bhopscotch_map() : bhopscotch_map(ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE) {
    }

    explicit bhopscotch_map(size_type bucket_count,
                        const Hash& hash = Hash(),
                        const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual(),
                        const Allocator& alloc = Allocator(),
                        const Compare& comp = Compare()) :
                        m_ht(bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc, ht::DEFAULT_MAX_LOAD_FACTOR, comp)
    {
    }

    bhopscotch_map(size_type bucket_count,
                  const Allocator& alloc) : bhopscotch_map(bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }

    bhopscotch_map(size_type bucket_count,
                  const Hash& hash,
                  const Allocator& alloc) : bhopscotch_map(bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }

    explicit bhopscotch_map(const Allocator& alloc) : bhopscotch_map(ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE, alloc) {
    }

    template<class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_map(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                size_type bucket_count = ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE,
                const Hash& hash = Hash(),
                const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual(),
                const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()) : bhopscotch_map(bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc)
    {
        insert(first, last);
    }

    template<class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_map(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                size_type bucket_count,
                const Allocator& alloc) : bhopscotch_map(first, last, bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }

    template<class InputIt>
    bhopscotch_map(InputIt first, InputIt last,
                size_type bucket_count,
                const Hash& hash,
                const Allocator& alloc) : bhopscotch_map(first, last, bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }

    bhopscotch_map(std::initializer_list<value_type> init,
                    size_type bucket_count = ht::DEFAULT_INIT_BUCKETS_SIZE,
                    const Hash& hash = Hash(),
                    const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual(),
                    const Allocator& alloc = Allocator()) :
                    bhopscotch_map(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, hash, equal, alloc)
    {
    }

    bhopscotch_map(std::initializer_list<value_type> init,
                    size_type bucket_count,
                    const Allocator& alloc) :
                    bhopscotch_map(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, Hash(), KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }

    bhopscotch_map(std::initializer_list<value_type> init,
                    size_type bucket_count,
                    const Hash& hash,
                    const Allocator& alloc) :
                    bhopscotch_map(init.begin(), init.end(), bucket_count, hash, KeyEqual(), alloc)
    {
    }


    bhopscotch_map& operator=(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist) {
        m_ht.clear();

        m_ht.reserve(ilist.size());
        m_ht.insert(ilist.begin(), ilist.end());

        return *this;
    }

    allocator_type get_allocator() const { return m_ht.get_allocator(); }


    /*
     * Iterators
     */
    iterator begin() noexcept { return m_ht.begin(); }
    const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return m_ht.begin(); }
    const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return m_ht.cbegin(); }

    iterator end() noexcept { return m_ht.end(); }
    const_iterator end() const noexcept { return m_ht.end(); }
    const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return m_ht.cend(); }


    /*
     * Capacity
     */
    bool empty() const noexcept { return m_ht.empty(); }
    size_type size() const noexcept { return m_ht.size(); }
    size_type max_size() const noexcept { return m_ht.max_size(); }

    /*
     * Modifiers
     */
    void clear() noexcept { m_ht.clear(); }




    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(value);
    }

    template<class P, typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<value_type, P&&>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(P&& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(std::forward<P>(value));
    }

    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(value_type&& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(std::move(value));
    }


    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, const value_type& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(hint, value);
    }

    template<class P, typename std::enable_if<std::is_constructible<value_type, P&&>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, P&& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(hint, std::forward<P>(value));
    }

    iterator insert(const_iterator hint, value_type&& value) {
        return m_ht.insert(hint, std::move(value));
    }


    template<class InputIt>
    void insert(InputIt first, InputIt last) {
        m_ht.insert(first, last);
    }

    void insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist) {
        m_ht.insert(ilist.begin(), ilist.end());
    }




    template<class M>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_type& k, M&& obj) {
        return m_ht.insert_or_assign(k, std::forward<M>(obj));
    }

    template<class M>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_type&& k, M&& obj) {
        return m_ht.insert_or_assign(std::move(k), std::forward<M>(obj));
    }

    template<class M>
    iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint, const key_type& k, M&& obj) {
        return m_ht.insert_or_assign(hint, k, std::forward<M>(obj));
    }

    template<class M>
    iterator insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint, key_type&& k, M&& obj) {
        return m_ht.insert_or_assign(hint, std::move(k), std::forward<M>(obj));
    }



    /**
     * Due to the way elements are stored, emplace will need to move or copy the key-value once.
     * The method is equivalent to insert(value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
     * 
     * Mainly here for compatibility with the std::unordered_map interface.
     */
    template<class... Args>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.emplace(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }




    /**
     * Due to the way elements are stored, emplace_hint will need to move or copy the key-value once.
     * The method is equivalent to insert(hint, value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
     * 
     * Mainly here for compatibility with the std::unordered_map interface.
     */
    template<class... Args>
    iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator hint, Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.emplace_hint(hint, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }




    template<class... Args>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const key_type& k, Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.try_emplace(k, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    template<class... Args>
    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(key_type&& k, Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.try_emplace(std::move(k), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    template<class... Args>
    iterator try_emplace(const_iterator hint, const key_type& k, Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.try_emplace(hint, k, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    template<class... Args>
    iterator try_emplace(const_iterator hint, key_type&& k, Args&&... args) {
        return m_ht.try_emplace(hint, std::move(k), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }




    iterator erase(iterator pos) { return m_ht.erase(pos); }
    iterator erase(const_iterator pos) { return m_ht.erase(pos); }
    iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last) { return m_ht.erase(first, last); }
    size_type erase(const key_type& key) { return m_ht.erase(key); }

    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup to the value if you already have the hash.
     */
    size_type erase(const key_type& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) {
        return m_ht.erase(key, precalculated_hash);
    }

    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef KeyEqual::is_transparent 
     * and Compare::is_transparent exist. 
     * If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    size_type erase(const K& key) { return m_ht.erase(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc erase(const K& key)
     * 
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup to the value if you already have the hash.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    size_type erase(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) { return m_ht.erase(key, precalculated_hash); }




    void swap(bhopscotch_map& other) { other.m_ht.swap(m_ht); }

    /*
     * Lookup
     */
    T& at(const Key& key) { return m_ht.at(key); }

    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    T& at(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) { return m_ht.at(key, precalculated_hash); }

    const T& at(const Key& key) const { return m_ht.at(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc at(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    const T& at(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.at(key, precalculated_hash); }

    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef KeyEqual::is_transparent 
     * and Compare::is_transparent exist. 
     * If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    T& at(const K& key) { return m_ht.at(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc at(const K& key)
     * 
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    T& at(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) { return m_ht.at(key, precalculated_hash); }

    /**
     * @copydoc at(const K& key)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    const T& at(const K& key) const { return m_ht.at(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc at(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    const T& at(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.at(key, precalculated_hash); }




    T& operator[](const Key& key) { return m_ht[key]; }
    T& operator[](Key&& key) { return m_ht[std::move(key)]; }




    size_type count(const Key& key) const { return m_ht.count(key); }

    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    size_type count(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.count(key, precalculated_hash); }

    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef KeyEqual::is_transparent 
     * and Compare::is_transparent exist. 
     * If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    size_type count(const K& key) const { return m_ht.count(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc count(const K& key) const
     * 
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    size_type count(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.count(key, precalculated_hash); }




    iterator find(const Key& key) { return m_ht.find(key); }

    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    iterator find(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) { return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash); }

    const_iterator find(const Key& key) const { return m_ht.find(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc find(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    const_iterator find(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash); }

    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef KeyEqual::is_transparent 
     * and Compare::is_transparent exist. 
     * If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    iterator find(const K& key) { return m_ht.find(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key)
     * 
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    iterator find(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) { return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash); }

    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    const_iterator find(const K& key) const { return m_ht.find(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc find(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    const_iterator find(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const { return m_ht.find(key, precalculated_hash); }




    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const Key& key) { return m_ht.equal_range(key); }

    /**
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) {
        return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }

    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const Key& key) const { return m_ht.equal_range(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const Key& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const {
        return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }

    /**
     * This overload only participates in the overload resolution if the typedef KeyEqual::is_transparent 
     * and Compare::is_transparent exist. 
     * If so, K must be hashable and comparable to Key.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const K& key) { return m_ht.equal_range(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key)
     * 
     * Use the hash value 'precalculated_hash' instead of hashing the key. The hash value should be the same
     * as hash_function()(key). Usefull to speed-up the lookup if you already have the hash.
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    std::pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) {
        return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }

    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const K& key) const { return m_ht.equal_range(key); }

    /**
     * @copydoc equal_range(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash)
     */
    template<class K, class KE = KeyEqual, class CP = Compare,
             typename std::enable_if<has_is_transparent<KE>::value && has_is_transparent<CP>::value>::type* = nullptr>
    std::pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> equal_range(const K& key, std::size_t precalculated_hash) const {
        return m_ht.equal_range(key, precalculated_hash);
    }




    /*
     * Bucket interface 
     */
    size_type bucket_count() const { return m_ht.bucket_count(); }
    size_type max_bucket_count() const { return m_ht.max_bucket_count(); }


    /*
     *  Hash policy 
     */
    float load_factor() const { return m_ht.load_factor(); }
    float max_load_factor() const { return m_ht.max_load_factor(); }
    void max_load_factor(float ml) { m_ht.max_load_factor(ml); }

    void rehash(size_type count_) { m_ht.rehash(count_); }
    void reserve(size_type count_) { m_ht.reserve(count_); }


    /*
     * Observers
     */
    hasher hash_function() const { return m_ht.hash_function(); }
    key_equal key_eq() const { return m_ht.key_eq(); }
    key_compare key_comp() const { return m_ht.key_comp(); }

    /*
     * Other
     */

    /**
     * Convert a const_iterator to an iterator.
     */
    iterator mutable_iterator(const_iterator pos) {
        return m_ht.mutable_iterator(pos);
    }

    size_type overflow_size() const noexcept { return m_ht.overflow_size(); }

    friend bool operator==(const bhopscotch_map& lhs, const bhopscotch_map& rhs) {
        if(lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
            return false;
        }

        for(const auto& element_lhs : lhs) {
            const auto it_element_rhs = rhs.find(element_lhs.first);
            if(it_element_rhs == rhs.cend() || element_lhs.second != it_element_rhs->second) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    friend bool operator!=(const bhopscotch_map& lhs, const bhopscotch_map& rhs) {
        return !operator==(lhs, rhs);
    }

    friend void swap(bhopscotch_map& lhs, bhopscotch_map& rhs) {
        lhs.swap(rhs);
    }



private:
    ht m_ht;
};


/**
 * Same as `tsl::bhopscotch_map<Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual, Compare, Allocator, NeighborhoodSize, StoreHash, tsl::hh::prime_growth_policy>`.
 */
template<class Key,
         class T,
         class Hash = std::hash<Key>,
         class KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
         class Compare = std::less<Key>,
         class Allocator = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key, T>>,
         unsigned int NeighborhoodSize = 62,
         bool StoreHash = false>
using bhopscotch_pg_map = bhopscotch_map<Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual, Compare, Allocator, NeighborhoodSize, StoreHash, tsl::hh::prime_growth_policy>;

} // end namespace tsl

#endif